Underground mines are mining operations that are conducted beneath the surface of the Earth. These mines are typically accessed through shafts, tunnels, or adits and can be used to extract a wide range of valuable resources such as metals, minerals, coal, and gemstones. The mining process in underground mines involves drilling, blasting, and removing the ore or mineral deposits to the surface for processing. Underground mining can be more expensive and hazardous than surface mining due to the complex infrastructure and safety challenges associated with working underground. However, underground mines are often preferred in cases where the resource being extracted is located at depth or when environmental or land use considerations restrict surface mining activities. Research in underground mines focuses on improving safety, efficiency, and sustainability of mining operations through the development of new technologies, equipment, and practices. Topics of research may include ventilation systems, ground control, rock mechanics, automation, and underground communication systems.